Education and Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Training and Technology - Essay Example chnology based learning in schools, to help proficiency about more up to date advancements in understudies, to help separation instruction, and to improve the training procedure by utilizing most recent strategies upheld by ICT (Information and Communication Technology). For elementary younger students, that is, key stage 1 and 2, it ought to be the choice of educators where to utilize ICT devices to help their instructing procedure. As per Harriet Price (2008), ICT in early years assists youngsters with upgrading their autonomy in their utilization of ICT devices like advanced cameras, computerized pictures and pretend toys; create inventiveness in regions like craftsmanship, move, composing and music; and, improve their open air learning experience utilizing proper ICT apparatuses. Understudies can be made acquainted with PC helped reenactments and instructive games. For showing math, educators can download virtual products like christmath which manage making little youngsters acqu ainted with designs, arrangements, expansion, deduction, ordinal numbers and memory games. Instructors can utilize spreadsheets and intelligent whiteboards (IWB) to assist youngsters with learning numeracy while communicating with each other. Math table games, for example, dice games, bingo and adding machine games, geometry games with intuitive design can be utilized to assist youngsters with grabbing hold of principle number juggling and geometry aptitudes along with times tables, word issues, proportion, rate and mental option. Album ROMs are another significant asset which instructors can use to store their math exercises. For showing science, educators can utilize exercises like Animal Magic that are effectively accessible on the web. This specific action requests that youngsters sort out and name creatures. It utilizes livelinesss to pull in light of a legitimate concern for kids. Instructors can utilize intuitive science games about existence forms, living things and physical procedures. Understudies at key stages 1 and 2 can be urged to utilize advanced cameras and camcorders at zoo outings and afterward compose their encounters with the assistance of recordings they make.

Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow Essay Example

For what reason Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow Essay There are incalculable ways an understudy can maintain a strategic distance from achievement throughout everyday life, except one of the fundamental practices which can make an individual fall flat is lingering. At the point when understudies need to finish an errand or a major undertaking huge numbers of them befuddle their needs, and wind up holding up until the last moment to complete the job that needs to be done. Another reason for hesitation could be the absence of activity the understudy may have in finishing a task. Or on the other hand just a few understudies may fear disappointment, and might not have full trust in themselves so as to do the task. Tarrying may appear as though a simple way out in starting, however on the off chance that it’s not address it transforms into an enormous obstruction of superfluous worry toward the end. The failure for an understudy to organize what is significant and what isn't, is one of the most widely recognized reasons why an understudy decides to put off their work. At the point when a task appears to be troublesome an understudy may start to begin considering various approaches to maintain a strategic distance from the work through and through. They may likewise start to take a shot at a task and feel as though they buckled down and choose to enjoy a reprieve, disregarding the work by and large. Subsequently they become acquainted with the moment fulfillment of taking a break that it turns into another intention in putting off the work. As the understudy understands that the due date gravitates toward a feeling of frenzy beats them, which temps them into surrendering totally. Another motivation behind why an understudy may decide to linger might be the absence of activity to finish the assignment introduced to them. We will compose a custom article test on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The understudy may go over the undertaking and think that its exhausting or not provoking enough to hold their advantage. This attitude can ruin the capacity for an individual to move in their assignment. Additionally others may discover bogus security in feeling that they can carry out the responsibility tomorrow; accordingly the individual postpones accomplishing the work until the night prior to the due date. This makes them work under worry through extended periods of the night and subsequently they turn in a task which is ineffectively finished. Dread is a forceful feeling, and numerous understudies face it when doing a task. They may maintain a strategic distance from the task all together in light of the fact that they sense that they don’t have the satisfactory information or expertise so as to accomplish the work effectively. Hesitation additionally benefits from causing the person to feel like they are sufficiently bad and dishonestly gives the individual that it’s alright not to the work. A few people may likewise fear the professor’s analysis that goes with their work whether it is productive or not. Dread can indiscriminately cause a person to acknowledge the bogus thought that they must be slackers and be obliging with this conduct. Lingering may give a sentiment of moment fulfillment however over the long haul it affects the productivity of an understudy. It doesn't make a difference how simple or complex a task may appear, most importantly it should be finished at some point or another. Don’t count on the however â€Å"I’ll have additional time tomorrow† in light of the fact that you might be busier tomorrow than today. For what reason Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow Essay Example For what reason Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow Essay There are innumerable ways an understudy can maintain a strategic distance from achievement throughout everyday life, except one of the principle practices which can make an individual fizzle is tarrying. At the point when understudies need to finish an errand or a major venture a significant number of them befuddle their needs, and end up holding up until the last moment to complete the job that needs to be done. Another reason for tarrying could be the absence of activity the understudy may have in finishing a task. Or then again essentially a few understudies may fear disappointment, and might not have full trust in themselves so as to do the task. Lingering may appear as though a simple way out in starting, however on the off chance that it’s not address it transforms into a tremendous snag of pointless worry toward the end. The failure for an understudy to organize what is significant and what isn't, is one of the most widely recognized reasons why an understudy decides to put off their work. At the point when a task appears to be troublesome an understudy may start to begin considering various approaches to stay away from the work out and out. They may likewise start to deal with a task and feel as though they buckled down and choose to enjoy a reprieve, overlooking the work inside and out. Thusly they become familiar with the moment fulfillment of taking a break that it turns into another rationale in putting off the work. As the understudy understands that the due date gravitates toward a feeling of frenzy defeats them, which temps them into surrendering totally. Another motivation behind why an understudy may decide to delay might be the absence of activity to finish the assignment introduced to them. We will compose a custom paper test on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Why Do Today What Can Be Put Off Until Tomorrow explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The understudy may go over the assignment and think that its exhausting or not moving enough to hold their advantage. This mindset can upset the capacity for an individual to move in their assignment. Likewise others may discover bogus security in imagining that they can carry out the responsibility tomorrow; thus the individual postpones accomplishing the work until the night prior to the due date. This makes them work under worry through extended periods of time of the night and accordingly they turn in a task which is inadequately finished. Dread is a compelling feeling, and numerous understudies face it when doing a task. They may stay away from the task all together in light of the fact that they have a feeling that they don’t have the sufficient information or expertise so as to accomplish the work effectively. Hesitation additionally benefits from causing the person to feel like they are sufficiently bad and erroneously gives the individual that it’s alright not to the work. A few people may likewise fear the professor’s analysis that goes with their work whether it is valuable or not. Dread can indiscriminately cause a person to acknowledge the bogus thought that they must be slackers and be obliging with this conduct. Delaying may give a sentiment of moment fulfillment yet over the long haul it affects the productivity of an understudy. It doesn't make a difference how simple or complex a task may appear, most importantly it should be finished at some point or another. Don’t swear by the however â€Å"I’ll have additional time tomorrow† in light of the fact that you might be busier tomorrow than today.

Prof. Junot Diaz on The Colbert Report!

Prof. Junot Diaz on The Colbert Report! A week ago, Professor Junot Diaz of the MIT Department of Writing Humanistic Studies, appeared on The Colbert Report. Certainly Prof. Diaz has been doing many interviews since he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, but an appearance on Colbert is always interesting. For those of you who arent familiar with The Colbert Report, there are some things you should know before you watch the below video clip. First, the show is a satirical program, poking fun at conservative political pundit programs like The OReilly Factor. On the show, Colbert plays a character modeled after commentators like Bill OReilly. And, to help with context in the interview, you should know that Lou Dobbs is a television commentator famous for his opposition to illegal immigration, and you may also know want to know what a triffid is. If youve got all that, enjoy! The Colbert Report Get More: Colbert Report Full Episodes,Political Humor Satire Blog,Video Archive If youre interested in seeing Prof. Diaz talk without being interrupted by Stephen Colbert, check out this talk he gave for [emailprotected] promoting his book, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao: You can also listen to a more serious discussion check out this half-hour long interview from NPRs Fresh Air: Wondrous Life Explores Multinationality. Long-time readers may recall that blogger alum Mitra 07 took 21W.755: Writing and Reading Short Stories with Professor Diaz [see entry: Classes Spring 07] and later blogged about the buzz for Oscar Wao on the class discussion list [see entry: Running away with the field]. I finished Oscar Wao on vacation in Germany a few weeks back, and it was a great book put it on your summer reading list!

Emotional Intelligence Personal Test Results - 1188 Words

Emotional Intelligence Personal Test Results The snapshot results from the Queendom emotional intelligence (EQ) test indicate a score of 69 in emotional identification, perception and expression. The test consisted of 146 questions designed to assess an individuals capacity to recognize their own emotions and those of others, understand how to best motivate yourself, establish relationships and manage personal feelings as well as those of others. The results indicate I am reasonably skilled when it comes to the core ability of identifying, perceiving and expressing emotions in yourself and others. However, there is still room for improvement. My current skill set aids me in the process of reading others, understanding how they feel, and effectively identifying my own emotions. These skills form the basis of my ability to relate to the emotions of others as well as my ability to understand myself. Results from the EI test provided by the Institute for Health and Human Potential, a test consisting of 17 questions, show I have an exceptional EQ. However, this result may indicate one of two realities: either I am extremely high in emotional intelligence or extremely low. These results reflect a high level of self knowledge or a complete lack of it since you must be self-aware to accurately assess yourself. It is suggested that I seek clarification from a peer, co-worker or family member in order to validate this score. I felt the Queendom test was far moreShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Emotional Intelligence1100 Words   |  5 Pagesreflection I will discuss my skills built through the learning of Emotional Intelligence throughout the unit. I will be discussing Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence theory that we have learnt as well as other practical ways of testing Emotional Intelligence. I will also discuss an area of possible improvement of my Emotional Intelligenc e linking to my future career prospects through my own personal results in the Schuttes Emotional Intelligence Test. 2.0 Intrapersonal Effectiveness Intrapersonal effectivenessRead MoreEmotional Intelligence866 Words   |  4 PagesThe importance of Emotional Intelligence is something that needs to be recognized. Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself, and others. Emotional intelligence is a central parent of our everyday lives, both in professional and personal enviornments , and as such it is important to become aware of exactly how you rate your own emotional intelligence. After the the emotional intelligence test that was provided on www.ihhp.com/testsites.htm,Read MoreAnalysis Of Emotional Intelligence By Daniel Goleman1418 Words   |  6 Pagesproject through email. Synopsis Daniel Goleman, author of Emotional Intelligence, discusses the idea of intelligence being more than a matter of cognitive ability. In part one and two of the book, Goleman discusses how the brain processes emotions. In these chapters the author describes the cortex and the limbic system. Rationality is job of the cortex while the limbic system processes your emotions. He suggests that the emotional intelligence can be a learned skill. In the next chapter Daniel GolemanRead MoreIntelligence Of Intelligence And Intelligence1450 Words   |  6 PagesIntelligence can be defined as referring to intellectual functioning. There are many ways to assess intelligence such as intelligence quotients, many standardized test such as IQ tests, and the comparison of your personal intelligence among those in your same age group. Test like the IQ fail to measure the different types of intelligence. When most people think about intelligence they make the general assumption that one is referring to academic intelligence. There are mare many different factorsRead MoreEmotional Intelligence ( Eq )1651 Words   |  7 Pagesgoal of all individuals in their employment. Much success in the workplace can be contributed to one’s emotional intelligence (EQ) or their understanding of emotions in themselves and co-workers which can use to form positive collegial relationships (Cherniss Exetin, 2006). The book Emotional Intelligence 2.0 by Bradberry and Greaves (2009), effectively explains what Emotional Intelligence and provides useful strategies to improve one’s EQ. However, while the book has a foundation in scientificRead MoreEmotional Intelligence1076 Words   |  5 Pageslevel of smartness or intelligence can be found pretty straightforwardly by a score on a measurement of intelligence such as an IQ test. Find a pen or pencil, have a seat, and take an IQ test. Even better, look one up on the internet. Hours†¦or even minutes later you will receive a score th at supposedly tells you how smart you actually are. â€Å"Based on these results, you are ______ smart.† The emphasis is on smart and how well a person’s mental capacity is captured in writing, on a test. Is this really howRead More Get Smart: I.Q. and Emotional Intelligence Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesI.Q. and Emotional Intelligence Intelligence is considered to be one of the most desirable personality qualities in todays society. Expectant parents are told to read and play music to the fetus, in order to stimulate its brain. Being bright is often thought of one the keys to success in life, and highly intelligent people such as Albert Einstein are celebrated. However, despite all the tests and criteria that measure intelligence, the question still remains: what is intelligence? How canRead More88899891530 Words   |  7 PagesAspects of psychology Emotional Intelligence February 07, 2013 Emotional Intelligence By: Jasmine N. Gresham (SSCI206-1205D-01) DiMatteo * Do you think that positive psychology is in more demand now that stress and economic hardship is more prominent in our country? * Are people under more stress now than in the past? * A description of the field of positiveRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Interpersonal Intelligence912 Words   |  4 PagesEmotional Intelligence Picture a world where humans could not understand each other’s feelings. It looks pretty bleak, right? Luckily, humans do have the ability to comprehend others’ facial and body expressions, emotions, and language. Since this is such a beneficial and amazing power that we hold, it has been labeled as a sort of intelligence- emotional intelligence. The ability to control and express our emotions, as well as understand, recognize, and response to others’ emotions is essentialRead MorePersonal Statement On Emotional Intelligence1593 Words   |  7 Pages Emotional Intelligence Tanveer Vora 1610793 University Canada West Professor: Dr. Michele Vincenti MGMT601 Leadership in the Global Context 16th January 2017 Abstract The paper discusses about the emotional intelligence, which has various factors. The factors are self awareness, motivation, self regulation, social skills and empathy. In case of effective leadership, these factors plays major role. However, emotional intelligence is teachable to improve the personal skills and personality.

The Controversy Over Genetically Modified Organisms

A genetically modified organism, GMO, has been altered by genetic engineering techniques. GMOs are widely used by scientists in many different ways to include the production of food and in research.8 Zebrafish genetically modified to be a fluorescent bright red, green and orange have been available for purchase as pets in 49 states in the United States since 2003.8 However, these patented GloFish are banned in California. The California Fish and Game Commission decided the fish were the result of a â€Å"trivial use for a powerful technology.†7 The Commission’s belief that the fish should not have been created led to a law making the GloFish illegal. Originally GloFish were developed by scientists in Singapore to be living pollution sensors as they would only glow when in the presence of pollutants.7 The Commission’s ban on GloFish highlights the controversy over genetically modified organisms and how public opinion can be swayed by the beliefs of others whether those beliefs are based on science or not. This paper will focus first on what genetic modification means and then will look at the pros and cons of genetically modified foods. Finally, the author’s opinion of the issue of GMO food will conclude the paper. Wikipedia defines genetic modification as the â€Å"mutation, insertion or deletion of genes.† Consider that for over 14,000 years, humans have been using the practice of selective breeding by where only those organisms with desirable traits are used to breed theShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas Associated With Gmo, And My Personal Viewpoint1224 Words   |  5 PagesFor thousands of years, genetically modification microorganism has affected many of the products humans eat every day. It began with the tameness of animals. As humans grew into an agricultural company, they start breeding different strains of plants looking to receive the best possible plants for sustenance for people. But as a scientific und erstanding of breeding and technology grew their methods of altering plants and animals changed. Instead, of breeding two similar types of creatures or plantsRead MoreEthics Of Genetically Modified Organisms816 Words   |  4 PagesIn the last thirty years, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been used for in the production of medicine and food and are widely used in scientific research and the production of other products (Junod, 2009). A GMO is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques, including mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes (Nelson, 2010). GMOS and GM technology have become a topic of great concern among scientists, regulators, consumers, farmers, andRead MoreLabeling For The Health Of Americans1601 Words   |  7 Pages(Prah). Genetically modified organism, also known as genetically modified organisms engineered in a lab by scientists that alter the genes of plants and animals. By fixating DNA from other organisms into America’s food sources, they create substances that are detrimental to the health of human beings. In addition to this, these genetically modified organisms are completely foreign to the plants and animals they undergo; their genes can become damaged from inserting the genes of the organisms. ThisRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo ) Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesGenetically Modified Organisms The genetically modified organisms (GMO) correspond to plants, animals as well as microorganisms whose DNA has been altered. They are also known as transgenic, genetically manipulated, or engineered organisms. The intentional incorporation or deletion of their genes is intended to introduce or modify some of its characteristics. Although this has been seen as a great advantage by many scientists and supporters of this technology, transgenic organisms suppose a dangerRead MoreNo Fear Of Gmos Genetically Modified Organisms1447 Words   |  6 PagesNo Fear of GMOs Genetically modified organism, to some people this can be a scary word and other people it doesn’t bother at all. When some think of genetically modified organisms, these crazy images of cross bred plants and animals with extra limbs or odd features come to mind when in reality, genetically modified organisms or GMOs are very normal organisms that are important to society. More recently there has been heated debates over GMOs and how they should be labeled for the public, but thatRead MoreFood And Drug Administration Approved The Flavr Savr Tomato And It Hit The Stores For Purchase1662 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion just how safe consuming products that have been genetically modified could possibly be. Today, nearly 22 years later, and this major question has still yet to have a conclusive answer. However, what has changed is that GMO’s are more prominent than ever and so the question remains. Is consuming genetically modified food safe, and what exactly are the short and long-term effects? By evaluating all of the information that has been unveiled over the years, we will better be able to identify and finallyRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Its Effects On The World s Growing Population1689 Words   |  7 Pages As an added benefit to the environment, genetically modified organisms also address the widespread problem of soil erosion. The quality of topsoil used in agriculture is quickly degrading and it is estimated that there may only be 60 more years of usable topsoil remaining (What if the World s Soil Runs Out?). Topsoil is important because it supplies water and nutrients to plants, while giving microbes the carbon they need (What if the World s Soil Runs Out?). Degraded soil results in lower cropRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Food1330 Words   |  6 Pages Everyone has heard of genetically modified food. They have become so prominent in the United States and fill up a majority of our supermarkets. There has been c ontroversy over the past few years on whether genetically modifying animals and crops is ethical and safe. But what a majority of Americans lack is knowledge of genetic engineering (GE). Many Americans hear the term genetically modified organism (GMO) and think it sounds scary or bad. They decide to be against the techniques of GE beforeRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms982 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 5, 2014 MMS 333 Public Relations and Marketing Prof. Carney GMO Pro-Con Assignment Introduction Created by splicing genes, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) are organisms formed from biotechnology techniques (Millis, 2006). Many people have recently become concerned by the rising popularity of the GMO products. The central debate which has attracted controversy is whether the GMOs are beneficial or rather harmful to humankind. The embracement of GMOs as part of us has attracted as much supportRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetically Modified Organisms1485 Words   |  6 PagesA genetically modified organism, or â€Å"GMO,† is defined as being, â€Å"an organism or microorganism whose genetic material has been altered by means of genetic engineering.† This process is often used in plants and animals to produce desirable attributes. In the past, a plant with a desired attribute would be bred, by using selective breeding, to yield more plants with that desirable attribute. Now with the advancement of genetic engineering, this technique can be performed in a lab oratory by moving or

Terrorism in the Old Testament Free Essays

Stacy Norton 03 October, 2012 Old Testament Ballard Terrorism and the Old Testament Many terrorist organizations use their religious texts as justification for their acts of terrorism. People even go as far to say that God, as depicted in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, encourages those acts as a way to defend their actions. While it is true that the Old Testament has evidence of God sending out his people to defend his word and his chosen people, it should not be taken as black and white as others would argue. We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism in the Old Testament or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important that we study the religious texts in their proper context. When these texts are not read in their proper textual and historical contexts they are manipulated and distorted. My God is a teacher of love and forgiveness and only uses violence as a last resort. This is more evident in the story of Moses and the release of the Israelite’s from the Egyptians. The Israelite s were being held captive and tortured by the Egyptian Pharaoh and his people. They were forced to spend their days as slaves and lived in deplorable conditions and were beaten routinely by the Egyptians. Moses upset that his people were being treated this way sought guidance from God. God agreed to help Moses free his people. God first sent Moses to the Pharaoh to ask kindly for his people’s release. The Pharaoh refused. Moses even tried to convince the Pharaoh with the threat of curses being placed on his people. The Pharaoh refused again. Then, after the curses were released, the Pharaoh still held strong and would not release the Israelite s He was willing to have his own people suffer just because he did not want to give up his power over the Israelite s He only relented when the final curse was released and the first born of the Egyptians, including the Pharaoh’s, were killed. The Egyptian Pharaoh was given multiple opportunities to prevent his own people’s suffering but decided instead that his power was more important. Another part of the bible people like to criticize is the book of Judges. Especially the story of Samson. Samson was a Nazarene leader with incredible strength. The Philistines wanted to capture him but could not find a way. Samson then fell in love with a woman named Delilah, who then tricked him into telling her the secret of his strength. He told her that if his hair was cut he would lose his power. When Samson fell asleep that night she cut his hair and let the Philistines in to capture him. They shackled him and gouged out his eyes and were planning on offering him up as a sacrifice to their deity. Samson cried out to God for help. He took out his revenge on the Philistines by basically, for lack of a better term, suicidal terrorism. He killed more people that day than in his whole life combined. In conclusion, the bible is not exempt from what some could deem as unflattering to the Christian faith. God does not try to deny that humanity is riddled with faults. But we must instead of looking at specific stories to justify harming others think about the overall message. He only asks that we try to lead faithful lives. Treat each other kindly . Above all, we must keep his name holy. No where in the bible can we find where he tells us to set out and harm others just because we do not like their culture or religious viewpoints. He teaches tolerance. A most noteworthy verse that I like to remind myself often â€Å"Do not judge so that you will not be judged. For in the way you judge, you will be judged; and by your standard of measure, it will be measured to you. (Matthew 7:1-2) How to cite Terrorism in the Old Testament, Essay examples

Models for Marketing Planning Process †Free Sample Available

Question: Evaluate models used in the marketing planning process to analyse the marketing environment and to help managers to formulate marketing strategies. Use contemporary examples of real organisations and brands to illustrate your arguments. Answer: INTRODUCTION Market strategic planning is a managerial process to maintain the feasible fit between the market changing environment, resources and skills and objectives of the organization. This is the process using which a business can analyze their business environment and also their expertise while making any decision. In short it can be described as the framework for implementing the orientation of orientation (Cant, 2006). In the year 1995, MacDonald came up with the various steps that are necessary for marketing plan: Source: (goldsmithibs.com, n.d.) This essay will explain the specific techniques that can be used by the organization for marketing plan. Due to time and word count constraint, the essay will focus on four models. The environment analysis process will be discussed using the PEST model and the planning aid models that will be discussed are Ansoffs Matrix, BCG Matrix and Porters Generic Strategy. To make the essay more precise and clear, it will focus on only one organization that is Nestle. The reason behind not using different organizations for different models because, this might sometimes confuse the reader, thus emphasizing on single organization would make the reader to have thorough knowledge about the topic. The essay will be concluded by summarizing all the models in brief. THEORY/ANALYTICAL MODELS For measuring how the company is performing in the market it is important for the organization to analyze its environment, as this would help the organization to identify ways to improve to maintain success and sustain in the competitive market. The business is affect by both the internal and external factors. The internal factors include the corporate culture and the external factors are the economical, socio-cultural, political etc. The best model that would help an organization to track the environment is PEST, which stands for political, economic, social and technology. This model also helps to determine the corporate strategy in terms of what market segment to focus on? Which country market to focus on? (PESTLE Analysis, 2014) Political: This factor determines the influence of government on a particular industry or economy. For Example, trade tariffs, fiscal policy, tax policies Economic: This factor determines the performance of the economy and its impact in an organization. For example, GDP rate, inflation rate Social: This factor examines the social environment of a particular market by gauging determinants like population, demographics, and cultural trends. Technology: This factor pertains to utilization of latest technologies that might affect the industry or business operations. This can be use of automated software systems, Research and development, technological awareness. After deciding the target market, it is important for the organizations to determine how to compete in that market, whether to target new customers or existing customers by offering new products or finding new market segments etc. There are different models that help to plan the marketing strategies as discussed below. Ansoffs Matrix: This matrix was applied by Igor Ansoff one of the famous American/Russian Mathematician. This matrix ensures that the managers are able to grow their business either through new products or existing products in new or existing markets. This helps the manager to assess the degree of different risks that is associated with the firm. Source: (portal.tugraz.at, n.d.) According to Ansoff matrix, there are four different marketing strategies that center on whether the products are existing or new and also emphasizes on whether a market chosen is existing or new. The four strategies are (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012): Market Penetration: This is about raising the market share by focusing on the existing market which can be achieved by offering more service/products to the existing customers or by finding new customers in the existing markets. Market Development: This strategy emphasizes on launching the existing products for new market. Market Segmentation and market research helps the organization is to find out new customer base. Product Development: This strategy is about developing new products for the existing markets. This involves finding strategies to meet the demand of the customers by launching the new products and break the competitors products. Diversification: This is a strategy of launching new products in the new market. It is one of the risky strategies where organization might face many uncertainties, however if the existing activities are well planned, then diversification would be a successful strategy. BCG Matrix: This a framework created by Boston Consulting Group which helps to evaluate the strategic position of the organizations brand portfolio and its potentials. This model helps the organizations to assign the required resources and also can be used as an analytical tool for portfolio, product, marketing and strategic management analysis. The main purpose of this model is to help the organization to understand on which brand to invest or divest. Source: (Brooks, 2013) The model consists of four categories which are based on competitive position (relative market share) and industry attractiveness (growth rate of the industry). The relative market share dimension helps to evaluate the business portfolio. Higher the market share of the corporate, the higher is the cash returns. Then the market growth rate dimension helps to understand the growth rate of the business. The higher is the growth rate, the higher is the profit and earnings. The four categories on which the brands are classified are (Griffin, 2012): Question Marks: This category is also known as Problem Child. It is business with high growth rate but small market share. Such business units are in need of various resources to grow their market share. The strategic choices that can be used for such brands are divestiture, product development, market development and market penetration (Jurevicius, 2013) Dogs: This is business unit that can neither consumer or generate cash, as it has low market share and also growth rate is low. The best way is to liquidate if the business unit does not have any proper strategic purpose. The strategic choices for such business unit are liquidation, divestiture or retrenchment (Jurevicius, 2013) Cash Cows: This is a business unit that has large market share in a slow growing market. These business units require little investment for investing in new business units. The strategic choices for such business unit are retrenchment, product development, divestiture and diversification (Jurevicius, 2013) Stars: They are the business leader with both high market share and growth in the market. This business unit generate large amount of cash, however to lead in the market they also need to invest. The best strategic choices are product development, market penetration, horizontal and vertical integration and market development (Jurevicius, 2013). Porters Generic Strategy: The generic strategy was introduced by Michael Porter that consists of three generic strategies which help the businesses to maintain and achieve the competitive advantage. According to Michael Porter there are three ways: focus strategy, cost-leadership strategy and the differentiation strategy. Source: (Tanwar, 2013) Cost leadership Strategy: This strategy is about being the low cost producer in the market with high quality level. Here the firm sells the product at a low cost compared to average prices of industry to earn high profit (Kotler and Keller, 2011). Differentiation Strategy: This strategy is about developing service or product with unique features and attributes for its the potential customers. This adds value to the firm and also products and service (Kotler and Keller, 2011). Focus Strategy: This strategy focuses on specific geographical market, product segment or the buyer group. It has two different variants one is differentiation focus and other is the cost focus. In differentiation focus the organization seeks differentiation in the target segment and in cost focus the organization seeks the cost benefit in the targeted segment (Kotler and Keller, 2011). EXAMPLE In this section, Nestle will be used as an example to demonstrate the above mentioned models. Nestle is a Swiss based company which has become one of the largest nutrition and food company in the world. The PEST analysis would help to identify the effect that influences externally on the performance of the organization. Political: Even though in United Kingdom the government is in the form of both parliamentary and monarchy, the system actually follows common law and well-balanced practices. Nestle belongs to the European Union and has a good relation with the Great Britain government. Economic: UK is the third largest economy, however due recession, the market has predicted a mild slip back. Thus because of slow economic growth rate, Nestle need to come up with new production plans and also recruit local candidates to value creation and also continue in the market. Social: The UK population lies in the age group of 15-64, that means the population is slowly aging. Thus, it is an opportunity for Nestle to come up with new product lines like protein bars or organic nutrition food or chocolates with low calories and extra health benefits. Technology: UK heavily emphasizes on computer aided designs and simulations and research and development. This shows that the country is technologically advanced. This is also an opportunity for Nestle where focusing on Research and development would give a competitive advantage to the firm. Nestle also have the option of introducing new application for digital world so facilitate the customers with easy buying. Ansoff Matrix Nestle works in a huge number of distinctive markets. Remembering each one business it creates diverse techniques. The Ansoff Matrix demonstrates four various types of methods that organizations can follow to accomplish their objectives. Firstly it is the market penetration strategy. In this methodology organization brings down their costs so they can go into the market all the more rapidly. It was seen that when Nestle entered Pakistan, they presented their existing product, Milo at extremely reasonable rates, so the business can promptly acknowledge the product. In Market development, the organization takes a current product into another business. This can be seen as when Nestle took KitKat to remote markets or when it propelled Nescafe espresso in China. Product Development is the point at which an organization stays in the same business presently working yet begins to extend its product offering. Nestle was seen utilizing product development when it stayed in the European market however began wandering into nutritional and health products and extending its product offering. Nestle additionally has a diversified portfolio as it invests into the cosmetic organization LOreal and is additionally the stakeholder in various pharmaceutical organizations around the world. BCG Matrix Nestle is a branded House. It comprises of over different types of products and every product is at an alternate stage in the market relying on the area in which it is being sold. By and large the product offerings of Nestle can be partitioned into enormous sub classifications, for example, infant nourishments, which incorporate Nestrum and Cerelac, Bottled Water and Cereals, deserts, beverages, dairy products, chocolates and so on. Every product from each of these diverse classes has different places in the BCG Matrix. For the purpose of this essay only a few products of Nestle will be examined (Boston Consulting Group, 2011). The Cash Cows of Nestle are effectively the vast majority of its chocolate brands and infant food products. Cerelac is an all inclusive cash cow and also Kit Kat that has extremely solid brand vicinity around the world (Reuters, 2012). Nido is quickly developing nourishing milk that is picking up prominently in the Asian part of the world and in the year 2010 (Nytimes.com, 2010), another manufacturing plant of Kit Kat was established in United Kingdom that was to create in excess of 1 billion bars of the chocolate each year. The Stars are those products which have potential in the business and Nestles lines of frozen product are snappy to catch a declining cooking market in United States. Nestle with one of its brand Stouffer, is revolving its regard for frozen pizza to capture more market share in the country (Bryson York, 2011). Dogs are those product offerings which don't acquire high revenue and are hard to turn around. These products are those that ought to be disposed of or sold off so they don't squeeze the benefits of the organization. Nestle, is also showing interest to invest in the pharmaceutical business to be a dog and that the organization ought to pull out and concentrate all the more on its nutritional products. Question Marks are those products whose future is uncertain. They can be transformed out into optimistic cash cows or could diminish to the dog stature for the organization. Concerning the Indian market, the breakfast grains of Nestle are the question marks. Remembering the society of India, the breakfast is a natural meal and the culture of having cereals is low (New York Times, 2012). The specific products in the Indian markets are as yet attempting to make sense of their future. Porters Generic Strategies To grow in this competitive market, Nestle has focused on product differentiation strategy with proper market segmentation process. Nestle provides wide range of products as per the different segment needs based on season ,age, climate and occupation etc like for example Coffee for busy people. Looking the behavioral segment of the customers, Nestle has introduced Decaf, Caf menu, Everyday, Super Premium (Wyatt, 2013). Nestle has also introduced Chocolate milk or Nesquick who love chocolate taste, Cold coffee for hot season. Nestle also specializes babyfood products like Lectogen 1 for less than 7months babies, Even Nestle focuses on noodle section by producing Maggi noodles, Maggi Soup of different varieties etc. It also differentiates itself in its Channel and distribution area by reaching to its customers through transportation and market salesman. It also differentiates itself in terms of image; the logo of the organization is highly acceptable and different from its competitors. Even, Nestle has many employees who are highly trained and educated. This helps the business to run effectively and successfully. Nestle is also different from its competitors in giving service to the customers. The organization offers 24 hours service through its hot line service also offers high quality checking service to its customers. Following all this offers the organization, high position in the market. CONCLUSION In conclusion, it can be said that marketing planning is the process of making decisions or analysis that an organization go through while implementing or defining their approach to the market. The essay has highlighted the 10 ways the organization needs to utilize for making effective marketing plan. Following this comprehensive process would help to make effective decision at each stage. The essay also demonstrated that analyzing the business environment is very important while making a strategic marketing decision, where the PEST model is the best tool to analyze the effect of external factors on the performance of the organization. To determine the strategic focus, the essay has demonstrated three useful model; Ansoff Matrix, BCG Matrix and the Porters Generic Strategies which would help the organization to determine the market and find the strategies to compete in that market. To give a precise and clear demonstration of these models, the essay has focused on Nestle, as an examp le instead of using different companies for different models. It is found through the essay that use of efficient procedures and marketing models, Nestle not only serves as a best nutrition and food organization but also as real multination organization. The utilization of these models has helped to create streamline process. REFERENCES Boston Consulting Group, (2011). BCG HISTORY: 1968. Brooks, C. (2013). What is a BCG Matrix?. Bryson York, E. (2011). Nestle: Aisles to go with products. Cant, M. (2006). Marketing management. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta. goldsmithibs.com, (n.d.). MARKETING PLANNING. Griffin, R. (2012). Management. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., p.222. Jurevicius, O. (2013). BCG matrix: how to perform it? | Strategic Management Insight. Kotler, P. and Keller, K. (2011). Marketing management. 14th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, p.51. Nytimes.com, (2010). Nestl Plans R.D. Center in India. PESTLE Analysis, (2014). What is PESTLE Analysis? A Tool for Business Analysis. portal.tugraz.at, (n.d.). ANSOFF MATRIX. Reuters, (2012). China's moms key to Nestle baby milk deal. Tanwar, R. (2013). Porters Generic Competitive Strategies. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 15(1), pp.11-17. Wilson, R. and Gilligan, C. (2012). Strategic Marketing Management. NY: Routledge, p.304. Wyatt, N. (2013). Consumer packaged coffee: Nestl | Marketline.

Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essay Example Essay Example

Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essay Example Paper Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essay Introduction This is what The New Oxford Dictionary says about worship. This being the definition and meaning that anybody can give praise, respect, or love to anything for instance my sister worships chocolate she shows this by eating gallons and gallons of it! I worship the Leicester Tigers Rugby Football club and show it by losing my voice from shouting at matches! However worship can involve kneeling, praying, and attending services. Worship can take place anywhere, home’s churches, sport stadiums, mosques and others.For a Muslim worship to them means adoration and giving thanks, praise and respect through prayer and that this is the way to communicate with God.In mosques it is a tradition to have a number of features and furnishings. The most noticeable feature of a mosque is:The DomeThis is usually over the roof of the mosque and gives you the feeling of calm when you enter. It reminds them of their origins in the Middle East, as they are common there. It amplifies the voice of the I mam during the Friday prayer when Muslims go to the mosque to pray.The MinaretThe minaret is a tall tower from which a muezzin calls the religious to prayer. Throughout the day the muezzin will go and call from the minaret five times. This reminds people to pray as this is one of the five pillars of Islam known as salah and shows a Muslim submission to Allah.The five pointed star and moonThe five-pointed star reminds Muslims of the five pillars, Shahadah, Salah, Zakah, Saum, and Hajj. The moon represents God, the creator this being one of the 99 names of Allah and of the lunar calendar.Wudu facilitiesMen and women have separate facilities wudu is for washing in, as on entering a mosque you should be presented as clean an smart. Wudu is so that the worshipper and the house of God is keptphysically and spiritually clean. At all mosques there is running water and taps for this ritual to be taken place.Before entering the Mosque, a Muslim performs a ritual washing in the courtyardPrayer hallThis is the most important part of the mosque. It is carpeted for prayer, as there are no seats and everyone stands facing Mecca, the Holy City of Islam. In the prayer hall all are equal in the eyes of God. The empty space resembles Gods vastness. There is nothing in the prayer hall that will put people off from thinking and talking to Allah.Qibla wallThis wall facing Mecca tells Muslims which Direction Mecca is. All Muslims worldwide are united in facing Mecca at times of Prayer which is where Muhammad (pbuh) the messenger and prophet of Allah. Mecca is also the Destination of Hajj one of the five pillars that all Muslims have to make the Journey to at least once in their life.The Kaaba in MeccaMihrabThis is in the Qibla wall and indicates the exact direction Of Mecca and the Kaaba. The prayer leader (Imam) stands in front of this and leads the prayer.The Mihrab (prayer niche) and the Minbar (pulpit) in the Amr Mosque in Cairo are focal points of public worship.MinbarThis is t he pulpit where the Imam stands and gives the sermons and reads from the Qu’ran to the congregation. This represents when Muhammad made himself a platform to stand upon and reminds Muslims of this and carries on the tradition.Woman’s galleryWomen do not have to attend mosque due to family responsibilities but, however if they do chose to go there is a separate room or balcony for them to worship in so as, not to distract men and vice versa so their minds are not disturbed by sexual thoughts. It is also done so that modesty is kept, and that neither sex is displaced from prayer. It is respectful to the women to allow them to pray separately.CalligraphyCalligraphy simply translates into ‘beautiful writing’ and is used as decoration in the mosque with words of the Qu’ran written on the walls. The Islamic art of calligraphy is a way of reminding Muslims of the Qu’ran and Hadith. It is written all over the mosque to remind Muslims that Allah is ev erywhere. Calligraphy is the only decoration in the place of worship as images of humans and animals may lead to idol worship.The Qu’ranThis is the Muslim Holy Book. Muslims believe that this is the word of God, Allah, the same as how the prophet Muhammad received it. The Holy book is a way of life and a guide to living. The Qu’ran is the highest book in the mosque as it is seen as the most important. Whilst being read you must not talk or make a noise as this is a sign of respect. It should be handled with much care and should be protected greatly.The Six ClocksThese are important as they represent the times of prayer; five of the clocks show the times of the daily prayers, or Salah. The sixth one shows the time of the Friday prayer. This Friday prayer unites Muslims and is a time of support, encouragement and a sense of togetherness. These clocks show the importance of prayer to Muslims.B.When Muslims say they worship something they usually mean they give praise, tha nks, and giving respect through prayer to God. Prayer is one of the five pillars of Islam. Muslims pray to praise and glorify God, as Muslims owe everything to him. To Muslims prayer is sacred, as it is a time for worshippers to come into contact with God and be brought closer to him.On entering the mosque Muslims carry out a ritual called Wudu before worship and prayer and worship which can be seen as an act of worship this symbolises the ritual cleansing with water to purify the body and soul. Wudu needs running water and taps so there are wash facilities at mosques.These are the actions made by a Muslim as told to by the Qu’ranWash your hands to the wrists three times, rinse your mouth three times with your right hand; wash nostrils three times, wash your entire face three times, and wipe head once with fingers, wash ears by putting two fingers into the ears and wiping back with thumbs. Then with the backs of both hands wipe the neck once and finally wash the right foot th en the left up to the ankle three times.Washing each part means a different thing. While washing the hands and mouth they pray to God that they could be forgiven from sin they may have committed using there hands or mouths. When washing the nostrils the person needs to pray that they are pure enough to be able to smell the sweet scent of heaven. The washing of the face is to be prayed by asking God to remove the darkness of sin. The person must pray to God to give them the Book of Deeds whilst washing the right arm, and whilst washing the left arm the person must pray that God will not place it there. When wiping the head the person must ask to cover his with Gods mercy. When washing the ears the person should pray to God that they should not hear bad things. As wiping the back of the neck the person should ask that God does not throw ‘The Throne of His Curse’ on them. When washing the feet the Muslim must pray that they are guided in a straight line and not led astray. For this reason, Wudu is an act of worship in itself. All actions are repeated three times to maintain a tradition started by Muhammad.Salah is the prayer that is compulsory five times a day. It is a religious obligation performed by Muslims. Yet it doesn’t always have to take place in a mosque. However it is compulsory on a Friday, as said by the Qu’ran. Prayer five times a day is one of the five pillars.The daily prayer times relate to the place of the sun in the sky,Morning Prayer Between dawn and sunriseMidday Prayer Between midday and halfway between midday and sunsetAfternoon Prayer Between midday prayer and sunsetEvening Prayer After sunset until darkness covers the twilightNight Prayer Between evening prayer and dawnEach prayer only needs to take a couple of minutes. Muhammad used to do this and since then Muslims have fixed the times of prayer on this. During these prayers everything else is set aside and Muslims concentrate on Allah, praising, thanking for hi s forgiveness and alike. Prayer helps Muslims get closer to God, bring peace and tranquillity and reminds people of Allah.Du’a is a private and/or personal prayer not including Salah. This is performed kneeling with your hands facing up. These prayers maybe for thanks, a plea for help and more but are generally are personal. These prayers are for any length an of anytime. Many Muslims keep a part of the house clean so they are able to worship there.Many Muslims prayer before there sleep and pray as soon as they wake up as to be their first and last thought of each day. The best known prayer for Muslims is for personal strength and faith.Every Friday all adult male Muslims are expected to go to leave any other activities that are not associated with the mosque. Muslim men converge together for the Midday Prayer. In Muslim dominated Countries shops an businesses close during the Midday Hour on Fridays this is where the Imam will read from the Qu’ran where all Muslims fac e the Qibla wall and after all Muslims pray separately before returning to work. Meeting at the mosque is indicating brotherhood. Everyone stands close together showing everyone is equal at the time of prayer. It gives Muslim reassurance to face the next week knowing that there are others like them, who are following the same path. The Qu’ran dictates that Friday prayers are held so Muslims are obeying Gods word.Worship is a pillar from the five of Islam and to discontinue will destroy the pillar.Muslims pray to bring themselves closer to God, to tell him things that you don’t want others to know and to concentrate on just Allah. Praying brings peace and tranquillity, courage, hope and confidence. Prayer marks Muslims who have faith. Praying, for Muslims, is the most sacred part of life as it is when they come into contact with God.In the Qu’ran it is said to pray as it is what Muhammad (pbuh) did. Prayer demands performance and regulation, as it can often be in convenient to perform.C.Religious Buildings come between Muslims and God.Muslims believe that a place of worship should be free of statues and figures as it is possible that when the place of worship is over ornate, it can sometimes lead you away and distract you from God as you may be looking at the pictures and idols and not worshipping for the right reasons. Only calligraphy is allowed, as that will focus The Muslims attention on Allah’s teachings. Yet it could be argued that the building itself can distract you and to have pictures and figures in the place of worship will help keep you on track and your mind focused on what you are doing and the reasons for it and that if your mind does drift that seeing all the pictures will bring you back to the original thoughts.On the Fridays it is compulsory for the male to attend mosque and the Friday prayer as the Qu’ran says it. This gives the Muslims a chance to meet and worship together and share experiences and get all t he help and benefit from it they need. However, it could be said that that money spent on buildings and maintenance on the mosque could be used in a better way like towards the poor or hungry in less developed countries instead of on the mosque, Allah would have preferred it this way.The mosque isn’t actually needed some may say purely because Allah is everywhere so why waste money on buildings and features that are not strictly needed? Muslims however say that a mosque provides a place of focus on God and anything performed there does have a reason like for example Wudu, Arabic lessons Qu’ran teachings for children it is also a place for Muslims to meet, talk and to know one another.A mosque is a place from distraction in the outside world, and also keeps the mind focused on the teachings of Allah. Yet wouldn’t it show more commitment if a Muslim did worship at home? Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

The Basics of Telescopes

The Basics of Telescopes Sooner or later, every stargazer decides its time to be buying a telescope. Its an exciting next step to further exploration of the cosmos. However, as with any other major purchase, theres a lot to learn about these universe exploration engines, ranging from power to price. The first thing a user wants to do is figure out their observational goals. Are they interested in planetary observing? Deep-sky exploration? Astrophotography? A little of everything? How much money do they want to spend? Knowing the answer to those questions will help narrow down a telescope choice. Telescopes come in three basic designs: refractor, reflector, and catadioptric, plus some variations on each of the types. Each has its pluses and minuses, and of course, each type can cost a little or a lot depending on the quality of the optics and the accessories needed.   Refractors and How They Work A refractor is a telescope that uses two lenses to deliver a view of a celestial object. At one end (the one farther away from the viewer), it has a large lens, called the objective lens or object glass. On the other end is the lens the user looks through. It is called the ocular or eyepiece. They work together to deliver the sky view. The objective collects light and focuses it as a sharp image. This image gets magnified and is what the stargazer sees through the ocular. This eyepiece is adjusted by sliding it in and out of the telescope body to focus the image. Reflectors and How They Work A reflector works a bit differently. Light is gathered at the bottom of the scope by a concave mirror, called the primary. The primary has a parabolic shape. There are several ways the primary can focus the light, and how it is done determines the type of reflecting telescope. Many observatory telescopes, such as Gemini in Hawaii or the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope  use a photographic plate to focus the image. Called the prime focus position, the plate is located near the top of the scope. Other such scopes use a secondary mirror, placed in a similar position as the photographic plate, to reflect the image back down the body of the scope, where it is viewed through a hole in the primary mirror. This is known as a Cassegrain focus.   Newtonians and How They Work Then, theres the Newtonian, a kind of reflecting telescope. It got its name when  Sir Isaac Newton dreamed up the basic design. In a Newtonian telescope, a flat mirror is placed at an angle in the same position as the secondary mirror in a Cassegrain. This secondary mirror focuses the image into an eyepiece located in the side of the tube, near the top of the scope. Catadioptric Telescopes Finally, there are catadioptric telescopes, which combine elements of refractors and reflectors in their design. The first such telescope was created by German astronomer Bernhard Schmidt in 1930. It used a primary mirror at the back of the telescope with a glass corrector plate in the front of the telescope, which was designed to remove spherical aberration. In the original telescope, photographic film was placed at the prime focus. There were no secondary mirror or eyepieces. The descendant of that original design, called the Schmidt-Cassegrain design, is the most popular type of telescope. Invented in the 1960s, it has a secondary mirror that bounces light through a hole in the primary mirror to an eyepiece. The second style of catadioptric telescope was invented by a Russian astronomer, D. Maksutov. (A Dutch astronomer, A. Bouwers, created a similar design in 1941, before Maksutov.) In the Maksutov telescope, a more spherical corrector lens than in the Schmidt is utilized. Otherwise, the designs are quite similar. Today’s models are known as Maksutov –Cassegrain. Refractor Telescope Advantages and Disadvantages After initial alignment, which is necessary to have the optics work well together, refractor optics are resistant to misalignment. The glass surfaces are sealed inside the tube and rarely need cleaning. The sealing also minimizes effects from air currents that can muddy the view. This is one way that users can get steady sharp views of the sky. Disadvantages include a number of possible aberrations of the lenses. Also, since lenses need to be edge supported, this limits the size of any refractor. Reflector Telescope Advantages and Disadvantages Reflectors do not suffer from chromatic aberration. Their mirrors are easier to build without defects than lenses are since only one side of a mirror is used. Also, because the support for a mirror is from the back, very large mirrors can be built, making larger scopes. The disadvantages include ease of misalignment, the need for frequent cleaning, and possible spherical aberration, which is a defect in the actual lens that can blur the view. Once a user has a basic understanding of the types of scopes on the market, they can focus on getting the right-sized one to view their favorite targets with. They can learn more about some mid-range-priced telescopes on the market. It never hurts to browse the marketplace and learn more about specific instruments.  And, the best way to sample different telescopes is to go to a star party and ask other scope owners if theyre willing to let someone take a look through their instruments. Its an easy way to compare and contrast the view through different instruments. Edited and updated by  Carolyn Collins Petersen.

To what extent have policies aimed at enhancing flexibility been Essay

To what extent have policies aimed at enhancing flexibility been successful in reducing unemployment in Europe since the early 1990s - Essay Example um wages and policies of the labor market to empower employees, discouraging the employers from flexible working practices that could boost employment. It also affected the rates of tax, thereby making it difficult for employers to absorb more employees in from the labor market (Brodsky 1994 p. 68) The policy on minimum wages does not help employers in hiring more workers, especially the unskilled entry level graduates. It is believed that the rate of unemployment in Europe has steadily increased from 1970 to a high of more than 8% of the labor force in 2002. From 1990 and 1993, unemployment increased by 2.3%. This is an indicator of failure of labor market policies to enhance employment creation. It is mainly attributed to their rigidity. In order to solve this problem, â€Å"the OECD recommended an improvement in labor market flexibilities† (Brodsky 1994 p. 60) which include; non-wage labor cost reductions, enhancement of income re-distribution through re-assessment of the role of statutory minimum wages, job security provisions reforms and reforms in the benefits related to unemployment. These were the major policy drivers in Europe employed to reduce unemployment. Research indicates that the benefits associated with unemployment are highest in the European Union. More over, they are known to be prolonged and easily accessible to the population of the unemployed in the labor market. This is one factor that is seen to maintain the high unemployment rates. This provides evidence of lack of enough labor market flexibility that could enhance employment. It is what Nickell (1998) describes as â€Å"generous replacement rates† which have maintained the high unemployment patterns in European Countries. Even though there have been several draw backs in the efforts to reduce unemployment, the active labor market policies have served as a major tool for the government to increase the capability and motivation towards taking up the available jobs, including part time jobs.

Union Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Union Leadership - Essay Example The programs in the toolkit also offer guidance to workers (Melcher, 1992). The mandate of this action is to rescue the union from the worst depression that we are facing. The economic condition is deteriorating in an alarming rate therefore we risk facing retrenchment and rise in unemployment. I therefore urge all union workers to consider labor organization as a Political Action Committee to influence the outcome of the union. The reason why I have endorsed it is due to its flexibility and compatibility nature to accommodate the manifestos of our union. With all this I would like to ask you to elect me as the leader of the union. Having successfully contested and won a public office in my previous assignment and steering it to some outstanding achievement. I would like to given a chance to turn the tables round in this mantle. The position of women in union leadership has seen significant rise in the recent past. And it is now evident that women account for 37 percent for all trade unions under the umbrella of the International Labor Organization a key arm of the United Nation This field has however remained dominated by their male counterparts. Only two out of 95 unions in the AFL-CIO have women presidents. The increase of women leadership in the top national position has been very minimal over the past decade. Though there has been a major rise in women leadership in both local and regional levels they have not been able to find a ground to highlight their bargains and grievances to be heard (Swoboda, 1993). Unions have failed women in leadership since they reflect women’s problem at work places. This does not hinder the opportunities of women but also make them feel inferior hence they lack the morale to fight for top positions. The inclusion of women in top leadership in both local and national unions should be increased through unions accepting and paying attention to the growing

Role of Religion in Society Sociology Essay

Role of Religion in Society Sociology Essay Functionalism is the most widely-used theory in modern sociology. In general, functionalism uses a systematical approach to any given object, asserting that each element of this object fulfills a necessary role, which is vital either to keep the balance of the system or for its survival. Any change in the state of any of the elements influences the whole system. Functionalism focuses on society as a unity of individuals and the way they, as part of this whole, are affected by various social institutions. It explores religion at the macro-level, analyzing the effect its practices and symbols have on different aspects of society as a whole as well as the harmony between its elements and/or its endurance. According to the functional approach, religion can fulfill different tasks, for example, establish unity, explain and introduce various norms to society, teach people to deal with probable unpredictable outcomes of certain events; it aims at simplifying the ideas or events that are dif ficult to understand. Extreme modern functionalists even argue that religion is vital for the survival of the human race and that it is the only means to enable the transition from selfishness to altruism. Another outstanding theorist of functionalism, Bronislaw Malinowski, also examined small groups to define the social role of religion (Sociology of Religion, 2003). His studies led him to a conclusion that religion had a calming effect on the people, especially in stressful environment. This result was based on the fact that religion had penetrated into fundamental but extremely tense for humans events, such as marriage or burial, for example. For Malinowski, death had a special significance as it meant that society lost one of its members. Nevertheless, he found religion very useful in this instance, as it proposed consolation in the form of life after death. By conducting a funeral, religion eased pain and stress, preventing possible social outbursts. Among others, Malinowski studied some tribes from the Trobriand Islands, who had a special ceremony performed before going fishing, which was their only occupation. This ritual helped them overcome fear about what might happen (as the sea was an unpredictable environment), and also built solidarity. The researcher came to a conclusion that religion helped people face the unknown future. In general, functionalism sees religion as a positive element of society, as it unites people, helps maintain social balance and prevents disorder. Functionalists accept that it is important as religious institutions fulfill functions that society needs for survival, creating individual models of behavior that are beneficial for the social balance. Religion is also viewed as a reconciling measure between an individual as an element of society and society as a whole. Functional approach allows individuals to have different levels of religious involvement. Contemporary functionalists, like J. Milton Yinger, also note that in modern society religion has expanded its influence from the church surroundings to everyday life, which means that activities previously unrelated to religion suddenly become associated with it in the peoples minds (Blasi, n.d.). Religion helps individuals to define their role in society, giving them the feeling of safety and familiarity with other individuals in a certain group. Machiavelli and Hobbes were the first scientists who introduced the concept of conflict into sociological theories. They applied the term of cynical realism to the description of society: motifs of individual behavior were based solely on self-interest. Each society has a certain ideology, represented in a system of beliefs (religion), which is often used according to the interests of the parties involved. But the core of conflict theory lies in the ideas of Karl Marx (McClelland, 2000). According to Marx, the driving force of social existence is labor, which provides people with means to satisfy their basic needs (e.g. food, shelter). The way this labor is organized from a social point of view determines the essential social characteristics, making those who carry out the production the constructors of society. Marx believed that economy was the basis for creating different social institutions that determined the form of social consciousness of each individual. In order to define the role of religion as it is seen in conflict theory, we need to understand Marxs view on society. He saw capitalism as the dominant structure of contemporary economical interactions, in which capital belonged to a small group of individuals, who employed workers. The latter used capital to produce different goods, but in order for that small group of individuals to receive profit, the workers were paid less than they actually had produced. So there was a conflict: those two classes needed each other, as they provided each other with what the other one did not have, but their interests had different vectors. In order to keep the workers (who outnumbered the bourgeois class) under control, different measures were taken: politics, police institution, religion. Conflict theory sees religion as a tool used to prevent the majority from acting on their own, to make them accept the established way of life in society. Marx believed that eventually the workers would take o ver (through growing consciousness), and a new model of economic relations socialism would be established. Max Weber is considered to be a uniting link between conflict theory and the interactionism. The scientist continued developing Marxs views, and added new levels of conflict to his theory. Weber believed that there were more conflicts than just one-kind-of-property conflict, thus acknowledging that there were more resources to fight for and that society was a multiple-class structure, with each class playing a specific role in material economic interactions. Unlike Marx, Weber moved the focus of conflict to the control of means of violence that served to suppress the opposition. What is more important for us, Weber had clearly showed what role religion played in society. He saw religion as a way to emotionally unite people, and that function of religion was exploited by the state. Religion helped different groups acquire certain statuses or develop into certain communities (based on ethnicity, for example). Religious ceremonies built strong feelings of solidarity within the group, cr eated emotional unity and bonds through application of symbols, techniques and various material aids. According to Weber, religion was not above the conflict or means of resolving it, it was another weapon. If some power incorporated itself into religious beliefs of people, it occupied the dominant position in society. Religion might also be used as a means of finding allies against a common enemy. It could be implemented to create a certain social hierocracy. Through this concept, Weber showed that religion was a manipulation tool, creating background for stratification of society (e.g. stratification in relations and established positions of religious leaders, member of the group and non-followers). In conflict theory, any conflict lies in the desire of one group to dominate the other or others, which can be most effectively achieved through violent constraint. One conflict arises when those who have the authority to coerce provide some groups with certain privileges and strip oth er groups of them. According to conflict theory, every individual acts in his own interests, having the ability to influence self-perception of others, which creates another conflict: different people having different resources available to them create the reality of others, which they use to their advantage. At a personal level, each individuals self-consciousness is developed based on the way this individual comprehends the reality that is through interpersonal communication which brings us to the theory of interactionism. Interactionism (short for symbolic interactionism) is another major theory in sociology, the most recently developed among the ones presented in this work. Some of its ideas were taken from Marx, Weber and further developed by George H. Mead and Herbert Blumer with the contribution of Charles Horton Cooley (McClelland, 2000). This theory concentrates on the subjective side of human behavior and social development. It focuses on individuals rather than society. According to interactionism, each person plays a certain role, being able to change his behavior if the behavior of others changes, too. This is because individuals are able to understand and read into the actions of others, which are perceived as symbols. Moreover, each individual perceives himself and his own actions as symbols as well. Interacting with one another, individuals are constantly in the process of interpreting the symbols that they exchange as well as the world around them. Interactionism recognizes individuals a s active participants of social life and constructors of society. Its focus is on the individual interactions, diminishing the importance of established norms (like in functionalism and conflict theory). According to interactionism, the changeable nature of negotiation process between the societys members forms the constantly changing social reality, which nevertheless stays in the frame of the stable set of rules regulating these interactions. It pays special attention to the roles that individuals play in social relations, believing that they can be either pre-defined or not. It is important to understand that individuals not just react, but evaluate the meaning of counteraction, and then decide on their reation. According to interactionism, religion is a certain ideology (a system of symbols) that helps people understand and relate to things that are above understanding, and in a certain way to track their lives in the wake of this ideology. Religion creates an outline of appropriate behavior and incorporates it into peoples minds. Participation in religious ceremonies is a way to confirm the correctness of ones course and to reinforce ones beliefs, but also a means of imposing certain symbols. Interactionism recognizes religion as a very powerful social institution, because if it succeeds in establishing itself as a symbolic system of some individual, it becomes the only right way for this individual to interpret the world around him. Religious ceremonies are seen by this theory as very important for confirming peoples system of beliefs and reinforcing certain interpretation of the world. In general, interactionism is a very subjective sociological approach. Conclusions The three theories represented in this research paper see religion not as an essential truth but rather an illusion of the truth, as it is immensely influenced by different variables. Functionalists see religion as a uniting force bringing societys members together through the feeling of solidarity. They assert that religious symbols are the representation of the values of people and give special meaning to the religious ceremonies and rituals, as they encourage stronger unity in social groups. Functionalism identifies religion as a positive element of the social system since it introduces another unearthly reality to people helping them forget the stress of everyday life. According to functionalism, religion is beneficial for health and is also an important condition for future survival of society. Conflict theory in a figurative meaning sees religion as a drug for certain social groups. It is one of the ways for the oppressed to feel united, though it is a cruel tool in the hands o f the ruling class. They use it to enforce the difficult way of life, make the working class believe that it is their fate and there cannot be another. Religion refers only to the future, promising reward or better life in the distant future or even after death (in afterlife). For conflict theory, religion is at a stage of change, blocking the idea that the current way of life benefits only a few while the majority of society suffers from injustice. It is interesting to mention that both Durkheim and Marx predicted that religion will vanish from the social life being useless. Symbolic interactionism concentrates on the individuals and their interactions through which the way the society functions and the roles of its institutions are defined. This theory sees society as a constantly changeable symbolic organism. Importance of religion is in the first place defined by the meaning of religion for each separate individual. Being part of religion is a continuous and regular comparison a nd confirmation of ones system of beliefs. The research shows that the role of religion can be explained from different points of view, and there is no right or wrong explanation.

Macbeth-Nature of Evil

Macbeth explores the nature of evil by the gradual change in the environment and the people within the play. Various factors of individuals, society and politics and supernatural themes contribute to the nature of evil. Individuals and Supernatural influences cause Macbeth to become king of Scotland and his reign affects social and political factors. Macbeth was a Scottish general and Thane of Glamis, a loyal, brave man who turned into a murderer and traitor in order to become King of Scotland.In Macbeth , dramatic irony is used to create suspense and tension; it keeps the audience anticipating the reaction of the people and consequences. It is used in Act 1 Scene 4, â€Å"There’s no art to find the mind’s construction in the face. He was a gentleman on whom I built an absolute trust†, after Duncan had said this, talking about trusting the thane of Cawdor, coincidentally Macbeth appears, a man who ultimately kills King Duncan. Macbeth is a man whose evil is influ enced by Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is the wife of Macbeth and is the driving force behind Macbeths’ goals.The metaphor of a container is used to describe Lady Macbeths desire to be filled with cruelty, the technique helps the audience gain a strong mental image and idea. It is shown in the quote, In act 1 scene 5 â€Å"Under my battlements. Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty. Make thick my blood, stop up th’access and passage to remorse†, she wants to get rid of her feminine nature and emotions so she is prepared for the murder.Rhetorical questions are often used by Lady Macbeth in order to taunt, manipulate and persuade Macbeth into killing Duncan. Lady Macbeth can be seen as a very ruthless, ambitious woman who seeks power. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth go against their natures to commit evil deeds and how they handle it shows how evil they are. The technique used was symbo lism of blood, which represents treachery, violence but also guilt as well, Lady Macbeth’s subconscious hand scrubbing is outward manifestation of her inner guilty. The quote in act 5 scene 1, â€Å"Out damned spot!Out I say! One-Two-†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Yet who would have thought the old man to have so much blood in him? † is from Lady Macbeth when she is being consumed by the guilt of Duncan’s’ murder. Different to Lady Macbeth, Macbeth seems to become imbalanced, and lose his sense of what is right and wrong, hence he orders the murder of more people. In political matters, Macbeth needed to get rid of any threat that could affect his status. The technique used was soliloquy which shows the audience the characters innermost thoughts and allows access to their emotions.In act 3 scene 1, soliloquy is used in the quote, â€Å"Our fears in Banquo; stick deep, and in his royalty of nature, Reigns that which would be fear'd: 'tis much he dares†¦Whose being I do fear; and under him, My genius is rebuk'd, as it is said, Mark Antony's was by Caesar. â€Å", It shows how Macbeth fears that Banquo’s sons will become future kings. Macbeth needed to get rid of threats and so he arranges murderers to kill Banquo and Macduff’s family. Macbeth is killing, not out of guilt but of panic and rage since he only cares to secure his position as king. When Macbeth reigns over Scotland as King, society began to fall apart.The technique of personification is used to make the situation more dramatic and to convey a certain mood. The quote from Malcolm in Act 4 scene 3, â€Å" I think our country sinks beneath the yoke. It weeps, it bleeds, and each new day a gash is added to her† shows the effect of Macbeth’s tyrannical rule over Scotland. People of society are living in fear since they can’t talk about Macbeth or they will be seen as a traitor and killed, this happens in some countries where you could get imprisoned o r killed for badmouthing the government, people have a lack of freedom of speech.Macbeth pursues the throne because of the powers associated with it and is so focused on retaining the throne that he ignores the responsibilities of a king. Macduff, along with other nobles prepares a rebellion, it shows the extent of political and social disruption in Scotland due to Macbeth’s evil. The technique used is symbolism of having correct social order restore with the removal of Macbeth. The quote in act 3 scene 6, â€Å" we may again give to our tables meat, sleep to our nights, free from our feasts and banquets bloody knives do faithful homage and receive free honors all which we pine now. shows a conversation between Lord and Lennox and it refers to Macduffs’ visit to the English king to make a military campaign against Macbeth so that life returns to normal. Killing the king has a dramatic impact on social order of society, since without a king there must be a new one, but since Macbeth is evil, society is in a state of imbalance because he got that position by evil means. The three witches are pure evil, and their prophecies are the cause of treachery and murder in Macbeth’s mind. The technique of foreshadowing is used to make a reference to an earlier event, so the audience knows that the prophecies were true.The quote ‘All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! ’ is from the witches in act 1 scene 3, it is the first prophecy which initiates Macbeth’s dark ambition after it becomes true. The witches’ prophecies tempt Macbeth’s dark desires for power; however they do not force or interfere with his evil acts. The witches’ ugly, androgynous appearance, bizarre potions and rhymed speech immediately denotes the supernatural. Banquo’s ghost makes an appearance at the banquet, capturing the attention of Macbeth. The technique of foreshadow of Macbeth’s downfall reveals his guilty to the people at the party.The quote from Ross in Act 3 scene 4, â€Å"Gentlemen, rise, his highness is not well. † is said after Macbeth sees Banquo and speaks nonsense, people thought something was wrong with him. Ghosts are generally linked with the supernatural, as they are spirits of the deceased person, they could possess and haunt people. It is not known whether Banquo was a ghost or hallucination due to Macbeth’s overwhelming guilt. The witches and Banquo’s ghost are both supernatural and manifestations of evil in different ways. Banquo’s ghost haunting Macbeth at the banquet was a reminder of the murder, resulting in his unrest soul.The witches are dark agents who tell prophecies that provide temptation for Macbeth to commit evil deeds and come to them for help thus leading him to the dark side. Nature of evil in the play Macbeth is conveyed through political, social, supernatural contexts. Lady Macbeth and the witches have an influence on Macbeth, res ulting in him committing evil deeds to become king. This however has a political and social effect on the people of Scotland, and supernatural events are often re-occurring throughout the play as an integral part to telling the story.

Naturebros

Q1. Summarize the information presented regarding the present and proposed products. Briefly describe the company’s 2004 and 2005 objectives. Ans. Dale Morris, being a cooking enthusiast, created a new season mix in 1993 which was based on a nutritive yeast extract and used a considerable amount of lesser salt than other seasonal mixes. This mix being very popular among family and close friends, he decided to ‘test market’ his product via a charity event and once successful, he saw an opportunity of a new saleable product. His vision however was stalled till 2002 due to lack of startup capital. Eventually, he raised enough money (a total of $65,000) by selling 15 percent each of his stock to his mother and two work colleagues to lease machinery and setup a small production facility and bring his product to grocery stores by August of 2002. The product was an instant hit among customers. Having a sales background himself, Morris had no problems in coming up with ways to promote his product. His tasting demonstrations, similar to what he held for family and friends were a hit and attracted enough sales in seven states and to consider expanding the product line and make inroads to markets in more states as well. In order to expand however, Morris needed more capital. Not only was the market to be expanded, two new products had to be launched as well. This meant additional expenses in product development, production, advertising and distribution. The present product, although a low salt seasoning, does not cater to the salt free market. Thus a salt free variant is to be developed along with an MSG based flavor enhancer. The company’s 2004 objectives are to stabilize its current markets in terms of sales and distribution and to achieve a 5 percent market share in the category of seasoned salt, a 10 percent market share in salt substitutes and a 5 percent market share in MSG based flavor enhancers. Strategy for 2004 concentrates more on existing markets. Although a 10 percent market share in the salt free category seems a bit optimistic, it is possible due to the lack of competitors in this market segment. For 2005, the company plans to expand to eight new markets namely Los Angeles, Phoenix, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, Seattle, San Francisco, Spokane and Portland. These new markets make up 17.1 percent of total grocery sales and thus are an attractive market to tap into. Like 2004, here too 5 percent shares for the salt based seasoning, 10 percent for the salt free version and 5 percent market share for the MSG based enhancer are objectified. The methods to be used will range from aggressive advertising to tapping into the more health conscious West Coast psyche. Price advantages will further help realize these aims for both existing and new markets. All this will be done due to the fact that the company is currently in the market expansion process and has to make unique selling propositions in order to capture a larger share of the market. Q2. After reviewing this material, make a list of additional information which should be supplied to support the sales projections. Ans. The sales forecasts seem to be well worked upon but that isn’t the case. The biggest blunder is that percentage aims for each new market and existing market have not be clearly specified. Only totals have been given for existing and new markets and new ones with the aims at 5 or 10 percent (as per product) being calculated based on the overall totals of each market. Since the existing markets have to be stabilized and expanded, there should e more specific information regarding each individual state in terms of market and percentage to be achieved in dollar amounts. Same should be the case for new markets as well. The second problem with these forecasts is that although the company has outlined its financial and percentage aims in each of these markets, no specifications whatsoever have been given as to the volume and price of the product being sold there. This is essential because Nature Bros. will have to decide what packages and what volume of sales they plan on distributing in these areas. Thus sales have to be given not only in dollar amounts but in amount of units and weight per package as well. Thirdly, the price set for each package should also be included in order to calculate how Nature Bros. will capture the market. A proper product into price figure is needed here rather than the existing dollar amounts. Q3. Comment on objectives: Are they reasonable, optimistic, or conservative? What marketing mix would best support this growth rate? Ans. The objectives seem to be reasonable for the current markets but are a bit too optimistic for new markets. The main reason for this is that the current markets are aware of their products. They just need to keep enhancing their advertisement efforts in order to capture a larger market share. New products too will be welcomed more openly. New markets always show resistance to new entrants. Secondly, local home grounds are always easier to work in; it’s the new markets that always create problems especially due to the startup inertia faced by products. In order to achieve these objectives, Nature Bros. will have to go big in these new markets. They will ahev to concentrate a lot on achieving the right marketing mix so as not to expend too much and still achieve their objectives:  §Ã‚   Promotion: promotional campaign launched by Nature Bros. have so far been successful in most cases. Form personal friends to tasting stalls, Morris has done well so far in achieving fame for his product. The new products however might need that extra push. First of all, they should go for more branding of the products. Customers might confuse the positioning of the existing product and leave it and the salt free version might eat away into the original products sales. Since Nature Bros. have thus far marketed their existing product as healthy and low salt, a salt less substitute will only shed bad light on the existing seasoning mix. Thus Nature Bros. should start repositioning its existing brand and use the same in new markets. Quality should be strictly controlled and maintained at all costs.  §Ã‚   Price: the pricing strategy as outlined in the plans seems to be fine for this product. One aspect that Nature Bros. have neglected however is the price demand elasticity of their product. They should test this strategy in their existing markets and see if they are in a position to charge premiums at this stage or not. This will give a fair idea as to for how long they will have to sell their products at reduced prices (how long it takes to achieve customer loyalty) and how sensitive the customers are in terms of price changes. If a little drop in price means a considerable increase in sales then Nature Bros. can achieve their target market shares without 3040 percent price cuts as they currently plan to. On the other hand if this is not the case and customers are not too elastic, then not only discounts but extra promotion will also have to be done and this would mean leaner profit margins with additional promotion costs.  §Ã‚   Promotion: the promotion strategy is fine and tested in the existing markets. Their decision to advertise in cooking magazines is a good one as well. One additional aspect however would be to properly launch their product and activate their brand through a certain event or fair. A proper launch and enough publicity can do wonders for a product in any given case. The church sale was the most successful for Morris and made him realize that a marketable product is at hand. Similarly, if ature Bros. were to contact other organizations such as churches or TV shows to use their product, this would result in a lot of publicity. This along with a few interviews to newspapers and leading cooking magazines will help a lot in creating enough hype and launching the product.  §Ã‚   Distribution: this is probably the weakest link in the whole plan. There seem to be no formal plans nor strategies regarding the actual distribution of the product. Being a young company, Nature Bros. will have to carefully assess which distribution strategies are cheapest and yet most effective. Although all products will be sold at grocery stores, Nature Bros. can decide whether it will be supplying directly to these stores or use the services of a third party in the form of a distribution intermediary. More intermediaries however mean higher product selling prices and this could result in Nature Bros. not effectively achieving their pricing strategy in the new markets and thus eventually losing market share. Q4. Evaluate the information supplied regarding a new product development and physical assets in light of the pro forma income statements Morris developed. Ans. The case shows that new product development and physical assets are going to be beneficial in nature, primarily due to the reason that the cost of goods sold as projected by the pro forma sheet show a decline over the years. Additionally, sales increase over the years. The new product if developed can help in terms of profits eventually, since profits automatically increase with the decrease in cost of goods sold and increase in sales over the years projected. Apart from operational expenses though, research and development expenses, and depreciation expenses of physical assets would increase causing an increase in the total cost incurred by the organization apart from the cost of goods sold. Q5. Is the capital sought appropriate for the circumstances? If more information is needed, state what it is and how it could be obtained. Ans. The capital sought is not appropriate mainly due to two reasons. The objectives outlined in terms of market shares are too optimistic in some cases. If Nature Bros. seriously intends to achieve these objectives   then they might have to expend a lot more in promotion and also further lower their prices. Secondly although promotion expenses are stated, not much has been said about other below the lien activities. It is rare that the cost of BTL activities are easily anticipated and put on paper for budgeting purposes. The second reason is that no mention has been made of distribution channels and strategies. This whether they decide to own the channel themselves or employ third parties, in both cases additional expenses will most certainly entail. Lastly, every firm always keeps a certain excessive amount of capital for emergencies. Since these are projections, Nature Bros. will most certainly have to attain a little more extra capital and retain it for unpredictable circumstances. Q6. What sources should Morris approach for this amount of capital? Ans. The product has done well in the past few years. A proper business plan and more professional projections can easily help Morris market his idea to banks as well as more serious venture capitalists in a very effective manner. The best option would be to borrow from a financial institution as opposed to selling off more equity to individuals. This is so because selling off equity might result in loss of ownership and decision power and at this stage conflicts among partners is something Nature Bros. should not risk. The ownership once diluted would result in actually loss of control, and decision making power would be vested in the hands of the shareholders. Apart from this, Nature Bros. has become too big to rely solely on funds borrowed from family and friends and is not big enough to go public as yet. Thus the best options would be to find capital form either banks at a fixed interest rate or angel investors who are interested and more patient than other categories of venture capitalists. These investors are interested in returns but rarely intervene in the management aspect of the business and are more accommodating as well. This source of funding or capital would help in reducing the amount of taxes that the company would have to pay, and additionally, fewer amounts would have to be given out to the shareholders as dividend. Thus any source which costs below the going interest rate and doesn’t result in selling of equity would be suitable for Nature Bros. Q7. Based on the current balance sheet, how much equity should he give up for the investment? The current balance sheet of the company shows several things. One of the basic aspects is the amount of assets that the company holds at this point in time. The total assets are about sixty seven thousand, and corresponding to that, the total liabilities are about fifty eight thousand. This shows that the company can cover its liabilities through the assets that it currently holds. On the other hand, the equity that the company has at this point in time is about nine thousand. A lot of potential in terms of equity investment is seen here since the company can not only withhold the amount of liabilities but also has enough to cater to the shareholders as well in terms of its liquid assets. In this case, about half of the liabilities amount can be given up for the investment and still be able to keep a significant amount of money in the liability section. The ball park figure is assumed in order to create a fifty-fifty balance between the liabilities and the equity side. The ideology is that the amount of figure noted would be able to create enough equity in the organization that would not jeopardize reporting and decision making in the company, and yet, be enough that it balances out the loans taken from banks and other individuals and institutions. References: Hisrich, R., Peters, P., & Shepard, D. (2008). Entrepreneurship. 7th Edition. Irwin: McGraw-Hill. Entrpreneur.com (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2007, from http://www.entrepreneur.com/bizstartups/index.html U.S. Small Business Administration (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2007, from http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/index.html